well ok, i understand the technical reasons for attenuating a signal or boosting it when either panned r-l or center, but my real frustration is application. Example: when recording and trying to stay at say, -12dbfs peak or -18 whatever, with -4.5 as my setting the signal plays back 3-5 db lower than the meter originally showed. no big deal i can make it up or keep it where it is, it just confused the snot out of me. ( im easily confused) so, i guess its no big whoop, just trying different settings that come close to what "THE PRO'S" use?.......*scratches head*