Here's an experiment to emphasize the point I'm making: Create an AVS with this content: Trim(ColorBars(720,480),0,10000)) ConvertToYUY2() Then do a multipass VBR encode of it using CCE with: Minimum bitrate=0, Average bitrate=4000, Maximum bitrate=9000 You will see that although the maximum is set to 9000, the peak never goes above 1000...